Summary

The global market for PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors was estimated to be worth US$ 56984 million in 2024 and is forecast to a readjusted size of US$ 137768 million by 2031 with a CAGR of 12.7% during the forecast period 2025-2031.
This report provides a comprehensive assessment of recent tariff adjustments and international strategic countermeasures on PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors cross-border industrial footprints, capital allocation patterns, regional economic interdependencies, and supply chain reconfigurations.
PD-1 inhibitors and PD-L1 inhibitors are a group of checkpoint inhibitors being developed for the treatment of cancer. PD-1 and PD-L1 are both proteins present on the surface of cells. Immune checkpoint inhibitors such as these are emerging as a front-line treatment for several types of cancer.
The market for PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors is experiencing rapid growth, primarily driven by the increasing global burden of cancer and the growing demand for effective immunotherapies. These immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized cancer treatment by enabling the immune system to recognize and destroy tumor cells, offering a viable option for patients who previously had limited therapeutic choices. Their broad applicability across multiple cancer types—including non-small cell lung cancer, melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, and head and neck cancers—has contributed to their widespread clinical use. Regulatory bodies such as the FDA and EMA have granted accelerated approvals and expanded indications for several PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, such as pembrolizumab, nivolumab, atezolizumab, and durvalumab, which has boosted their market adoption. In addition, the increasing number of combination therapies involving PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and other targeted or chemotherapeutic agents is expanding their utility and improving patient outcomes. Growing investments in oncology research and favorable reimbursement policies in developed countries further support the robust expansion of this market.
Despite strong momentum, the PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitor market faces several key challenges. One major barrier is the high cost of these therapies, which can exceed $100,000 per patient annually, raising concerns about affordability and access, especially in low- and middle-income countries. This has led to growing scrutiny from healthcare payers and policymakers regarding the cost-effectiveness of these drugs. Additionally, not all patients respond to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, and predictive biomarkers for identifying responders remain limited and inconsistent. This lack of precision can lead to suboptimal outcomes and unnecessary exposure to treatment-related adverse effects, such as immune-related toxicities affecting the skin, lungs, and gastrointestinal system. Another challenge lies in the increasing competition and market saturation, as multiple pharmaceutical companies race to develop and commercialize new checkpoint inhibitors. This crowded landscape may lead to pricing pressures and the need for differentiation through novel indications or superior clinical data. Furthermore, ongoing regulatory uncertainty in some regions and complex clinical trial designs required for new indications or combination therapies may slow product approvals and market penetration. Addressing these issues—through biomarker development, cost optimization, and long-term safety monitoring—will be essential for sustaining growth and maximizing the global impact of PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors in oncology.
This report aims to provide a comprehensive presentation of the global market for PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors, focusing on the total sales volume, sales revenue, price, key companies market share and ranking, together with an analysis of PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors by region & country, by Type, and by Application.
The PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors market size, estimations, and forecasts are provided in terms of sales volume (K Dose) and sales revenue ($ millions), considering 2024 as the base year, with history and forecast data for the period from 2020 to 2031. With both quantitative and qualitative analysis, to help readers develop business/growth strategies, assess the market competitive situation, analyze their position in the current marketplace, and make informed business decisions regarding PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors.
Market Segmentation
By Company
Merck
Bristol-Myers Squibb
Roche
AstraZeneca
Ono Pharmaceutical
Regeneron
Innovent
Hengrui Medicine
Junshi Biosciences
Merck KGaA
Segment by Type
PD-1 Inhibitors
PD-L1 Inhibitors
Segment by Application
Solid Tumors
Blood-related Tumors
By Region
North America
United States
Canada
Asia-Pacific
China
Japan
South Korea
Southeast Asia
India
Australia
Rest of Asia-Pacific
Europe
Germany
France
U.K.
Italy
Netherlands
Nordic Countries
Rest of Europe
Latin America
Mexico
Brazil
Rest of Latin America
Middle East & Africa
Turkey
Saudi Arabia
UAE
Rest of MEA
Chapter Outline
Chapter 1: Introduces the report scope of the report, global total market size (value, volume and price). This chapter also provides the market dynamics, latest developments of the market, the driving factors and restrictive factors of the market, the challenges and risks faced by manufacturers in the industry, and the analysis of relevant policies in the industry.
Chapter 2: Detailed analysis of PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors manufacturers competitive landscape, price, sales and revenue market share, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.
Chapter 3: Provides the analysis of various market segments by Type, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.
Chapter 4: Provides the analysis of various market segments by Application, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.
Chapter 5: Sales, revenue of PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors in regional level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space, and market size of each country in the world.
Chapter 6: Sales, revenue of PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors in country level. It provides sigmate data by Type, and by Application for each country/region.
Chapter 7: Provides profiles of key players, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product sales, revenue, price, gross margin, product introduction, recent development, etc.
Chapter 8: Analysis of industrial chain, including the upstream and downstream of the industry.
Chapter 9: Conclusion.

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Table of Contents

1 Market Overview
1.1 PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Product Introduction
1.2 Global PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Market Size Forecast
1.2.1 Global PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales Value (2020-2031)
1.2.2 Global PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales Volume (2020-2031)
1.2.3 Global PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales Price (2020-2031)
1.3 PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Market Trends & Drivers
1.3.1 PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Industry Trends
1.3.2 PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Market Drivers & Opportunity
1.3.3 PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Market Challenges
1.3.4 PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Market Restraints
1.4 Assumptions and Limitations
1.5 Study Objectives
1.6 Years Considered
2 Competitive Analysis by Company
2.1 Global PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Players Revenue Ranking (2024)
2.2 Global PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Revenue by Company (2020-2025)
2.3 Global PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Players Sales Volume Ranking (2024)
2.4 Global PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales Volume by Company Players (2020-2025)
2.5 Global PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Average Price by Company (2020-2025)
2.6 Key Manufacturers PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Manufacturing Base and Headquarters
2.7 Key Manufacturers PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Product Offered
2.8 Key Manufacturers Time to Begin Mass Production of PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors
2.9 PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Market Competitive Analysis
2.9.1 PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Market Concentration Rate (2020-2025)
2.9.2 Global 5 and 10 Largest Manufacturers by PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Revenue in 2024
2.9.3 Global Top Manufacturers by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors as of 2024)
2.10 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
3 Segmentation by Type
3.1 Introduction by Type
3.1.1 PD-1 Inhibitors
3.1.2 PD-L1 Inhibitors
3.2 Global PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales Value by Type
3.2.1 Global PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales Value by Type (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031)
3.2.2 Global PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales Value, by Type (2020-2031)
3.2.3 Global PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales Value, by Type (%) (2020-2031)
3.3 Global PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales Volume by Type
3.3.1 Global PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales Volume by Type (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031)
3.3.2 Global PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales Volume, by Type (2020-2031)
3.3.3 Global PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales Volume, by Type (%) (2020-2031)
3.4 Global PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Average Price by Type (2020-2031)
4 Segmentation by Application
4.1 Introduction by Application
4.1.1 Solid Tumors
4.1.2 Blood-related Tumors
4.2 Global PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales Value by Application
4.2.1 Global PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales Value by Application (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031)
4.2.2 Global PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales Value, by Application (2020-2031)
4.2.3 Global PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales Value, by Application (%) (2020-2031)
4.3 Global PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales Volume by Application
4.3.1 Global PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales Volume by Application (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031)
4.3.2 Global PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales Volume, by Application (2020-2031)
4.3.3 Global PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales Volume, by Application (%) (2020-2031)
4.4 Global PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Average Price by Application (2020-2031)
5 Segmentation by Region
5.1 Global PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales Value by Region
5.1.1 Global PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales Value by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
5.1.2 Global PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales Value by Region (2020-2025)
5.1.3 Global PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales Value by Region (2026-2031)
5.1.4 Global PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales Value by Region (%), (2020-2031)
5.2 Global PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales Volume by Region
5.2.1 Global PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales Volume by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
5.2.2 Global PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales Volume by Region (2020-2025)
5.2.3 Global PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales Volume by Region (2026-2031)
5.2.4 Global PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales Volume by Region (%), (2020-2031)
5.3 Global PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Average Price by Region (2020-2031)
5.4 North America
5.4.1 North America PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales Value, 2020-2031
5.4.2 North America PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales Value by Country (%), 2024 VS 2031
5.5 Europe
5.5.1 Europe PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales Value, 2020-2031
5.5.2 Europe PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales Value by Country (%), 2024 VS 2031
5.6 Asia Pacific
5.6.1 Asia Pacific PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales Value, 2020-2031
5.6.2 Asia Pacific PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales Value by Region (%), 2024 VS 2031
5.7 South America
5.7.1 South America PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales Value, 2020-2031
5.7.2 South America PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales Value by Country (%), 2024 VS 2031
5.8 Middle East & Africa
5.8.1 Middle East & Africa PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales Value, 2020-2031
5.8.2 Middle East & Africa PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales Value by Country (%), 2024 VS 2031
6 Segmentation by Key Countries/Regions
6.1 Key Countries/Regions PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales Value Growth Trends, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
6.2 Key Countries/Regions PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales Value and Sales Volume
6.2.1 Key Countries/Regions PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales Value, 2020-2031
6.2.2 Key Countries/Regions PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales Volume, 2020-2031
6.3 United States
6.3.1 United States PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales Value, 2020-2031
6.3.2 United States PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales Value by Type (%), 2024 VS 2031
6.3.3 United States PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales Value by Application, 2024 VS 2031
6.4 Europe
6.4.1 Europe PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales Value, 2020-2031
6.4.2 Europe PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales Value by Type (%), 2024 VS 2031
6.4.3 Europe PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales Value by Application, 2024 VS 2031
6.5 China
6.5.1 China PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales Value, 2020-2031
6.5.2 China PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales Value by Type (%), 2024 VS 2031
6.5.3 China PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales Value by Application, 2024 VS 2031
6.6 Japan
6.6.1 Japan PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales Value, 2020-2031
6.6.2 Japan PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales Value by Type (%), 2024 VS 2031
6.6.3 Japan PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales Value by Application, 2024 VS 2031
6.7 South Korea
6.7.1 South Korea PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales Value, 2020-2031
6.7.2 South Korea PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales Value by Type (%), 2024 VS 2031
6.7.3 South Korea PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales Value by Application, 2024 VS 2031
6.8 Southeast Asia
6.8.1 Southeast Asia PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales Value, 2020-2031
6.8.2 Southeast Asia PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales Value by Type (%), 2024 VS 2031
6.8.3 Southeast Asia PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales Value by Application, 2024 VS 2031
6.9 India
6.9.1 India PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales Value, 2020-2031
6.9.2 India PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales Value by Type (%), 2024 VS 2031
6.9.3 India PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales Value by Application, 2024 VS 2031
7 Company Profiles
7.1 Merck
7.1.1 Merck Company Information
7.1.2 Merck Introduction and Business Overview
7.1.3 Merck PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
7.1.4 Merck PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Product Offerings
7.1.5 Merck Recent Development
7.2 Bristol-Myers Squibb
7.2.1 Bristol-Myers Squibb Company Information
7.2.2 Bristol-Myers Squibb Introduction and Business Overview
7.2.3 Bristol-Myers Squibb PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
7.2.4 Bristol-Myers Squibb PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Product Offerings
7.2.5 Bristol-Myers Squibb Recent Development
7.3 Roche
7.3.1 Roche Company Information
7.3.2 Roche Introduction and Business Overview
7.3.3 Roche PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
7.3.4 Roche PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Product Offerings
7.3.5 Roche Recent Development
7.4 AstraZeneca
7.4.1 AstraZeneca Company Information
7.4.2 AstraZeneca Introduction and Business Overview
7.4.3 AstraZeneca PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
7.4.4 AstraZeneca PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Product Offerings
7.4.5 AstraZeneca Recent Development
7.5 Ono Pharmaceutical
7.5.1 Ono Pharmaceutical Company Information
7.5.2 Ono Pharmaceutical Introduction and Business Overview
7.5.3 Ono Pharmaceutical PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
7.5.4 Ono Pharmaceutical PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Product Offerings
7.5.5 Ono Pharmaceutical Recent Development
7.6 Regeneron
7.6.1 Regeneron Company Information
7.6.2 Regeneron Introduction and Business Overview
7.6.3 Regeneron PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
7.6.4 Regeneron PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Product Offerings
7.6.5 Regeneron Recent Development
7.7 Innovent
7.7.1 Innovent Company Information
7.7.2 Innovent Introduction and Business Overview
7.7.3 Innovent PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
7.7.4 Innovent PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Product Offerings
7.7.5 Innovent Recent Development
7.8 Hengrui Medicine
7.8.1 Hengrui Medicine Company Information
7.8.2 Hengrui Medicine Introduction and Business Overview
7.8.3 Hengrui Medicine PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
7.8.4 Hengrui Medicine PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Product Offerings
7.8.5 Hengrui Medicine Recent Development
7.9 Junshi Biosciences
7.9.1 Junshi Biosciences Company Information
7.9.2 Junshi Biosciences Introduction and Business Overview
7.9.3 Junshi Biosciences PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
7.9.4 Junshi Biosciences PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Product Offerings
7.9.5 Junshi Biosciences Recent Development
7.10 Merck KGaA
7.10.1 Merck KGaA Company Information
7.10.2 Merck KGaA Introduction and Business Overview
7.10.3 Merck KGaA PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
7.10.4 Merck KGaA PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Product Offerings
7.10.5 Merck KGaA Recent Development
8 Industry Chain Analysis
8.1 PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Industrial Chain
8.2 PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Upstream Analysis
8.2.1 Key Raw Materials
8.2.2 Raw Materials Key Suppliers
8.2.3 Manufacturing Cost Structure
8.3 Midstream Analysis
8.4 Downstream Analysis (Customers Analysis)
8.5 Sales Model and Sales Channels
8.5.1 PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Sales Model
8.5.2 Sales Channel
8.5.3 PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Distributors
9 Research Findings and Conclusion
10 Appendix
10.1 Research Methodology
10.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach
10.1.1.1 Research Programs/Design
10.1.1.2 Market Size Estimation
10.1.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
10.1.2 Data Source
10.1.2.1 Secondary Sources
10.1.2.2 Primary Sources
10.2 Author Details
10.3 Disclaimer